More than 100 food web matrices (multiple predators/prey Excel worksheets) are included with the javaFOODWEB tool. The predator-prey matrices are converted to symmetrical predator matrices in order to investigate the competition for resources. After manipulating these transformed matrices, the patterns within the community ecology of niche-spaces and trophic hierarchies are visualized.

Joel E. Cohen is the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations at the Rockefeller University, New York. He heads the Laboratory of Populations at the Rockefeller and Columbia Universities. At Columbia University, New York, he is Professor of Populations in the Earth Institute, with appointments in the Departments of International and Public Affairs; Earth and Environmental Sciences; and Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology.

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Stiling P. (1999) Chapter 20: “Trophic Structure,� pages 518-539. Ecology Theories and Applications (3rd ed.), Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

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Roberts FS. (1978) Graph Theory and Its Applications to Problems of Society. SIAM: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Warren PH. (1994) Making connections in food webs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9 (4): 136-141.

Cohen JE, Jonsson T, and Carpenter SR. (2003) Ecological community description using the food web, species abundance, and body size. PNAS 100(4):1781-6.

Williams RJ and Martinez ND. (2000) Simple rules yield complex food webs. Nature 404: 180-183.

Williams RJ and Martinez ND. (2004) Limits to trophic levels and omnivory in complex food webs: theory and data. Am Nat. 163(3):458-68.

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Griffiths AK, and Grant BAC. (1985) High school students’ understanding of food webs: Identification of a learning hierarchy and related misconceptions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 22 (5): 421-436.

113 xls files from Cohen JE, Briand F and Newman CM. (1990) Community Food Webs: Data and Theory . Biomathematics Volume 20. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.

Predator: The Food Chain Game. Dynamic Teaching Materials, Inc. 7525 Mission George Road, Suite E, San Diego, California 92120.

The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation's "Fond of Ponds".

The Gould League's "Food webs, Classification and Biodiversity Teachers' Kit"

Greenspan B. "Food Webs and Trophic Levels" Access Excellence, The National Health Museum.